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Crazy-Makers: Dealing with Passive-Aggressive People

Why Are People Mean? Don't Take It Personally!

When You Have Been Betrayed

Struggling to Forgive: An Inability to Grieve

Happy Habits: 50 Suggestions

The Secret of Happiness: Let It Find You (But Make the Effort)

Excellence vs. Perfection

Depression is Not Sadness

20 Steps to Better Self-Esteem

7 Rules and 8 Methods for Responding to Passive-aggressive People

What to Do When Your Jealousy Threatens to Destroy Your Marriage

Happiness is An Attitude

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Catastrophe? Or Inconvenience?

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Audio Version of Article: Crazy-Makers: Passive-Aggressive People

Audio Version of Article: Why Are People Mean? Don't Take It Personally!

Audio Version of Article: Happiness Is An Attitude

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CES-Depression

The following questionnaire is for personal information only and is not meant to be a professional evaluation. As with many research questionnaires, this questionnaire may not be normed for online participants. Please take this into account when you receive the results.

This questionnaire measures clinical depression. However, it is primarily a screening instrument and the results should be discussed with your doctor or therapist. It was developed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies and has extensive research validation.


Directions: Below is a list of some of the ways you may have felt or behaved. Please indicate how often you have felt this way during the past week:

No login required to obtain results.

Item 1: I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 2: I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 3: I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 4: I felt that I was just as good as other people.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 5: I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 6: I felt depressed.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 7: I felt that everything I did was an effort.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 8: I felt hopeful about the future.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 9: I thought my life had been a failure.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 10: I felt fearful.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 11: My sleep was restless.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 12: I was happy.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 13: I talked less than usual.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 14: I felt lonely.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 15: People were unfriendly.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 16: I enjoyed life.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 17: I had crying spells.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 18: I felt sad.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 19: I felt that people disliked me.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


Item 20: I could not get going.


Rarely or None of the Time (Less than 1 day)
Some or a Little of the Time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a Moderate Amount of the Time (3-4 days)
All of the Time (5-7 days)


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For authors and more information:
Radloff LS, The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 1977, pp.385-401.

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